Hip dysplasia, also called developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where a baby’s hip joint doesn’t form properly. If left untreated, it can lead to walking difficulties, pain, and early arthritis. The good news? When detected early, hip dysplasia is usually treatable without surgery.
What is Hip Dysplasia?
In a healthy hip, the ball-shaped top of the thigh bone (femur) fits snugly into the hip socket. In hip dysplasia, the socket is too shallow, making the joint unstable. This can lead to:
- Subluxation: The ball partially slips out of the socket.
- Dislocation: The ball completely comes out of the socket.
Causes and Risk Factors
Some babies are more likely to have hip dysplasia due to:
- Family history of DDH.
- Breech position during pregnancy.
- Firstborn status (tighter uterus space).
- Female babies (due to hormonal influence).
- Tight swaddling with legs kept straight.
Signs to Look For in Infants
- Uneven thigh or buttock creases.
- One leg appearing shorter.
- Limited movement or difficulty spreading the legs.
- Audible “click” when moving the hip.
Importance of Early Screening
Doctors routinely check for DDH during newborn exams. Ultrasound is the preferred method for infants under 6 months, while X-rays may be used for older babies. Early detection prevents long-term complications.
Treatment Options
- Pavlik Harness (for newborns to 6 months):
- Holds hips in a position that allows proper growth.
- Usually worn for 6–12 weeks.
- Hip Abduction Brace (for older infants):
- Keeps hips apart to allow the socket to form properly.
- Closed Reduction & Casting (if bracing fails):
- Hip is positioned under anesthesia and placed in a cast.
- Surgery (for severe or late-diagnosed cases):
- To correct the joint structure.
Parental Tips for Healthy Hip Development
- Avoid tight swaddling — keep legs bent and apart.
- Use baby carriers that support hips in an “M” position.
- Attend all follow-up checkups to track improvement.
Key Takeaway:
Hip dysplasia is a condition best treated early. Regular screening, especially in high-risk babies, ensures healthy hip growth and prevents lifelong mobility issues.
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